Modernity And Cinema In Bengal Film Studies Essay

Modernity And Cinema In Bengal Film Studies Essay Realism and Modernity are two words closely associated with Bengali cinema. Some of the greatest and among the most popular filmmakers of Bengal took realist genre of films to a new height, alongside reflecting modernist ideas. Realism and modernity go hand-in-hand in Bengali films, especially in the work of greats like Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak. Although defining modernity would mean at least a few more pages, for the sake of this essay, we would deduct it down to merely social, political and artistic modernization. Satyajit Rays magnum opus Pather Pancheli is one of the greatest examples of realist films portraying various elements of modernity. Inspired by Italian neo-realism (especially Vittorio De Siccas Bicycle Thief, 1948), Ray created his first film and a masterpiece reflecting the evolution and social change in Bengal and a modernization of ideas and concepts. In Pather Panchali, Ray talks about leaving old ideas behind and moving on. He talks about how over time, old ways of living, ancestral ideas and traditional lifestyle has become stale and needs to be changed. Apu, with his family, leaves his home and village at the end because the ancestral house held them behind. They moved to find a better way of living. They moved to get rid of the old house which couldnt help them in any way, but instead took their daughters life. This whole film is a transition from pre-modern to a modern way of living. Ray distributes several metaphors throughout the film metaphors of modernity and need for change. One important character which served as a metaphor for me was that of the old aunt. Shes old, tired and just wanders around the house doing nothing. Shes often told to go indicating shes not wanted in the house. The family is fed up of her just as theyre fed up of traditions and the same lifestyle theyd been living in the fear of famine, poverty and survival. The old aunt wanders, trying to find a place for herself, and when she doesnt, she dies. Ray shows death of old ideas. Ray wants change. He shows a need for change and a breakaway from traditions which are holding you back. He wants to show theres always a need for change. The old aunt is a mere metaphor for him to show how traditions have become stale. Charulata (1964), another one of the great films by Ray, also talks about change. But here, he sets it in an upper middle class Bengali society where a lonely housewife falls in love with her brother-in-law while they both encourage each other to write. He puts two different ideas of home and desire, literature and politics, pre-modernism and modernity face-to-face. Rays films have a humanistic touch. He uses his craft to get to the deepest part of human heart and extract out the emotions from there. Scenes like Apu throwing away the necklace Durga had stolen, Amal leaving home to avoid being unfaithful, Durga stealing food for her aunt add to the humanistic approach of Satyajit Rays work. Neo-realism is another thing that inspired Ray. According to me, its mainly because his stories were about society. He couldnt have made them in a fictional style because then they wouldnt be relevant to the society. His stories were not meant to be mere films, but a reality somewhere in time which needed to be imitated in Bengali society and which was a reflection of the same society he lived in. His characters were sketches of real people. They were close to real. For example, when you think Durga, you dont think of her as a two-dimensional good or evil character, but as a girl who existed and had different attributes to her personality just like everybody else. She wasnt a puppet. Similarly, Ritwik Ghataks films introduced different modern themes to the evolving society of Bengal such as alienation, isolation, need for home. In one of his most personal and also socially relevant films Ajantrik, Ghatak introduces the concept of alienation and isolation from the society. He shows a mans attachment to his car, an inanimate object and a troubled social life where he cant connect well to the people around him. Scenes like where the character Bimal is talking to his car, the car responding to him, him taking care of the car like a companion and not caring about what his society says, show how important a character Jagaddal (the car) is. Ghatak doesnt treat the car as a prop, but as a character itself. He tries to show the cars point of view; he wants to make us feel its presence thus implying the fact how relations have also evolved along with modernization of ideas and society; how people have become more involved with their property rather than fellow human beings. Similarly, in Subarnarekha (1965), Ghatak reflects on the feeling of home (along with many other sub-themes such as happiness, relations). His work has been about change, modernity and its effects and mainly, how partition has affected society and Ghatak himself. In Subarnarekha, he tells a story of a family moving to the bank of Subarnarekha River after the partition and how the girl Sita seeks happiness throughout the film. Moreover, he tells of her feeling at the new home. The river becomes the new home for her who she confides in her secrets, woes and happiness. From what I observed in Ghataks films, he believes that society has changed from being a community to more of a collective living of different individuals. I observed individualism in his work, and how people have turned from their fellows to nature or man-made beauty whether it is mountains and rivers to cars and property. I think there are many modernist elements found in both Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghataks films ranging from their content and themes (home, anthropomorphism, modernity itself) to their craft (use of POV shots, different style of cinematography, manipulating space and even the use of Brechtian elements). Mise-en-scene of Subarnarekha Subarnarekha by Ritwik Ghatak has a totally different feel from Ghataks Ajantrik where he uses machinery and artificial elements. Here he turns to nature. He turns to landscapes for expression of emotions. His landscapes speak. For example, in every scene when Sita sings, we see landscapes of river and surroundings. At times, it seems like Sita is singing to the river, telling her story. Ghatak has a strong fascination of juxtaposing sound and landscape and how it creates an impact in viewers mind. Whats interesting to note is how the kind of landscape shows the state of mind of character, such as when shes happy, we see rice fields and river and when shes sad and bored, we see a barren land. Watching a Ritwik Ghatak film is like going on a travel journey around the state. He shows you picturesque landscapes which strongly reflect nature and emotions. Another important thing which is part of the mise-en-scene is strange framing. Ghatak likes to frame his subjects on extreme and odd points of the grid and juxtapose them to their background, giving them a context. For example the scene where Sita is singing of her woes in a barren land around her and when she ends, the camera dollies out just showing Sitas body (which is also cut in the frame and not properly placed). You can expect the unexpected in Ghataks style of framing. He wouldnt use conventional framing in Subarnarekha, but put two images side by side to create a different context. In Subarnarekha, Ghataks art direction also plays an important role. They also help create the mise-en-scene of the film. The river, the lonely plains, one house in the middle of nowhere, very little to no people, an old abandoned place where the war took place they all develop a certain mood. The movement and transition from a small town school to a journey across the border and to a lone house in the midst of barren land. It creates a symphony a lyrical transition from one note to another. Pace of the film is another thing thats part of the mise-en-scene. The time duration of the film determines how long it would feel compared to the real time. Ghatak manipulates time to the extent where Subarnarekha starts to feel realist which means time is slowed down, although not exactly to match the real time. He changes pace continuously to match the action and the passing of time. Subarnarekha is divided into chapters occurring in different passing time periods. Camera movement is quite natural in the film. Most of the time, Ghatak uses the invisible camera method and doesnt change points of view except at a point where Abhiram recognizes his lost mother. In that scene, camera shifts focus as to provide a point of view of Abhiram recognizing her mother. Ghatak uses space quite realistically creating a perfect illusion of real space. I think Ritwik Ghataks choice of shooting on-location really helped him stay true to his realistic nature of the film (just like many realist filmmakers of 20th century). Costumes, as part of the films mise-en-scene, are minimal and are there just to show the traditional way of life. It hasnt been stylized like setting, sound and camera work. Acting (considering it a part of mise-en-scene) has been reduced to appear natural unlike some of the early films which imitated theater.

HCS 483 Information System Briefing Essay

Information System Briefing Health Care Information Systems HCS 483 August 25, 2013 Information System Briefing Providing quality health care is rapidly becoming synonymous with health care organizations acquiring technology and information systems that are the most current. Success of the health care organization depends on the implementation of information systems that are designed to meet the standards of quality set by the organization and the health care industry. Acquisition and implementation of new or upgraded information systems pose big challenges. Understanding the organizations goals and the roles of the stakeholders will help in the process of choosing the correct information system for use by the organizations health care providers. Selection and Acquisition Creating a steering committee to start the process of selecting and acquiring is the first step for a health care organization when looking at implementing a new information system. Appointing a project manager to lead the committee to help give the appropriate information and guide the committee in making decision. The steering committee determines the process of implementing the new information system and conducts research to help determine the best information system for the organization’s needs. The steering committee must look at the needs of the organization for not only the current use but also how the system will grow with the organization into the future. Identifying the standards of care that the health care organization will help define the objectives the committee must meet and the scope of analysis to evaluate that the organization system requirements are met. Research Researching the vendors for products that will meet the needs of documentation and records storage is vital in acquiring the correct product. Contacting different vendors and setting up product demonstrations is the best way to compare products. This will provide for hands-on research for  ease of use and real-time questions to be answered by the representative. Collecting predetermined evaluation criteria from the members on the steering committee so that the selection process can begin. Collecting the individual remarks on the product must be done on the day of the presentation. Comparing the different information systems, this way will help with the selection process. Cost Analysis â€Å"The heightened awareness in recent years of the need to live within budgets in the health care sector would seem to create the perfect climate for cost-effectiveness analysis† (Russell, Gold, Siegel, Daniels, & Weinstein, 1996, p. 1). Cost analysis is part of the findings that the steering committee must submit in their findings while researching the different products. Cost is a driving factor in the selection of a new information system. If the new system does not integrate into established systems within the organization, there will be more cost associated with that product. Organizations Goals Upholding the health care organization’s goals in every aspect of the acquisition phase is first priority. Forming strategies that identify with the mission and goals set forth by the organization will help guide the recommendation from the steering committee. Involving other project leads from supporting departments such as Information Technology (IT) will be necessary. IT has the knowledge on the existing systems and will have the insight that is needed when adding or combining system products. It is probable that IT has projects that will need to interface with the new information system. Combining ideas and research may help lead to a better information system choice for the organization. Roles of the Stakeholders The stakeholder’s roles in the organization’s acquisition of new information system are from start to finish. There should be a stakeholder’s presence in the steering committee to put their skills and knowledge of the plans of the organization on the table to help influence decisions. The active stakeholder on the steering committee can report to other stakeholder’s on the progress and changes in the process of choosing the information system. The broad range of stakeholders is identified as anyone who holds interest  in the failure or success of the organization. This can range from Chief-Executive-Officer (CEO) to business managers and administrators, doctors to the nursing staff and even patients. Patients are a vital source of information because the patient is the owner of the data entered in to the information system. Stakeholders should have active input in the entire process of research, acquisition, and implementation of a new information system . For example, â€Å"The medical user may want an easy-to-use system releasing him or her from documentation tasks, while the administrative user wants a system enforcing complete documentation† (Ammenwerth, Graber, Herrmann, Burkle, & Konig, 2003, p. 5). Conclusion When considering the addition or expansion of a health information system the organization must conduct research with several vendors and a steering committee to make recommendations of the product that will best fit with the requirements set forth by the organization. The goals of the organization will help guide the decisions on what information system will fit the needs currently and into the future. The stakeholder’s involvement in the entire project gives unique insight from the different levels of stakeholders. Patients, nurses, doctors, management, and executive management are all stakeholders. Combining all of these elements will help in the process of acquiring the appropriate information system for the health care organization. References Ammenwerth, E., Graber, S., Herrmann, G., Burkle, T., & Konig, J. (2003, June 7, 2002). Evaluation of health information systems—problems and challenges. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 71, 125-135. http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1386-5056(03)00131-X Russell, L. B., Gold, M. R., Siegel, J. E., Daniels, N., & Weinstein, M. C. (1996, October 9, 1996). The Role of Cost-effectiveness Analysis in Health and Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276, 1172-1177. Retrieved from http://av4kc7fg4g.search.serialssolutions.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+role+of+cost effectiveness+analysis+in+health+and+medicine&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.au=Russell%2C+Louise+B&rft.au=Gold%2C+Marthe+R&rft.au=Siegel%2C+Jo

What Is Military Geography?

Long before the history of military being recorded, conflicts among humans existed. There will always be different kind of views, ideology, perspectives, needs and greed in every part of the world. The most crucial moment is, when greed overcomes mind. Authority, territory and fame are the common pursued purposes. From those days onwards, military was founded under circumstances that to expand and to conquer others, to defend and to offend; it has indeed became a very important aspect in building an empire or a nation. Today, speaking about military geography clearly stands for the study on the combination between the knowledge of warfare and the knowledge on earth. In the ancient China, there is a proverb saying that â€Å"anyone who controls/ predicts the weather accurately will conquer the world. † There were a lot of wars or conflicts lost or won because of the geography aspect. It can simply means the weather, terrain, seasons, temperature, water, direction of wind, type of forest and so on so forth. Plenty of examples in the world that show how important is it to master the knowledge of geography and use it in warfare strategy. A very good example will be Vietnam. A small and used to be underdeveloped country defeated two world developed countries, France at first and next the United States of America. During the two wars, the Viet Congs were armed with much outdated weapons compared to the two countries; however, weapon’s technology was not really their strategy in winning but the guerilla tactic. As we can see on the globe, the location of France and USA are different from Vietnam, every aspects regard the geography mentioned above are different. Vietnam has much thicker and damp forests. Besides that, the outsiders are not familiar with the geography of Vietnam, the heavy machineries such as tanks and artilleries cannot be transported well and were lacking of warfare experience in thick forests. A few more examples of how important geography is in military are the two most recent wars, which happened in the Twentieth First Century, Afghanistan War and Gulf War Two. Although the USA won in both wars at the beginning, the failure in convincing and to channel liberal ideology to the locals prove the failure of USA in mastering the human and culture geography. There is another proverb in Chinese says, â€Å"Respects were earned through sincerity, no through force. † The military in both Middle East countries are super high technology and powerful, it still could not stop the ambushes and attacks from the enemies, who are equipped with outdated weapons. The reason behind is, failure in countering the terrain. It is very hard to overcome a person who lives in a mountainous desert, perhaps we can after ten or fifteen years of researches and studies but that will take up millions of dollar just to keep the war going. It is a very highly risky war. Since the ancient time, our ancestors had make use of knowledge in geography to encounter different obstacles, especially weather. Transporting and travelling on air, water or land, all need to depend on weather’s condition. Furthermore, weather had been used as weapons to jeopardize enemies and even now it can be soon created, like the man made rain, has huge potential to be integrated as storm and send it to the enemy’s location. However, another contradicting example was the Japanese Empire military during World War Two. The Japanese had gathered a lot of information, sent and placed their spies in the countries or locations they plan to attack like Pearl Harbor, The Peninsula of Malaya, Manchuria, Southern China, Philippines and Australia. Moreover, the spies had been sent to their locations for years, much long before the World War Two starts. This indicates on how much they value about the local geography to make sure their offensive missions will succeed, other than just collecting enemy’s military information. In the same time, on the other side of the world, the landing date for D-Day mission on Normandy, France had been change a few times due to bad weather. In addition, company of paratroopers were drop far behind enemy line so that they can survey enemy’s activities. All these are not just gathering intelligent information of the enemy but also the local’s weather or terrain that had been altered by the enemy. It is undeniable that geographic information is essential in military warfare tactics. Even in this peaceful time, long before the Gulf War Two and Afghanistan War, USA had already positioned NMD-National Missile Defense, around the world in the allied countries’ land. The reason is simple, to protect USA. But how we determine where to put it? Just right besides the potential enemy. Most recent example, Ukraine-USA-Russia issue on last two years, when USA wanted to install missiles in Ukrainian land. However, USA also has Her missiles standby in Greenland too. All these are of course, to protect the beloved nation-state within a certain perimeter, but where and why they put it there will be more to a geographically questions; because it is strategic. In a nutshell, Geography is the study of the earth. It studies humanization, history, nature, environment, weather; it is like another term for science, but broader. Military Geography will be the study of earth in order with the study of military tactics, so that mistakes, casualties and loses can be lessen.

World War I

When World War I came to a close in mid-November of 1918, many ideas were circulating in Europe as to what the peace settlement should entail. In Britain, leaders were thinking about how to increase British colonial power. In France, many wanted to permanently punish the Germans, partly in revenge for Germany's aggression in World War I, but also, perhaps subliminally, for the Franco-Prussian war in 1871. In Germany, citizens were worried about how radical changes after the war could affect their daily lives. Finally, in the United States, President Wilson was already concocting a system of permanently preserving European peace. All these biases, worries, plans, and ideas came together in Paris in 1919, with the Treaty of Versailles, establishing the post-war peace in Europe. Yet just twenty years later, war would once again break out in Europe. So why were the peace settlements of World War I unable to prevent the outbreak of war twenty years later in World War II? To underst! and this, one must first have a detailed understanding of the World War I peace settlement at Versailles. The first and most significant treaty signed after World War I was the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty, signed on the 28th of June 1919, was mainly orchestrated by David Lloyd George, representing Britain and Georges Clemenceau, representing France. Woodrow Wilson was the official representative of the United States, though he was often unable to attend due to sickness or other problems. When Wilson was in absentia, Secretary of State Robert Lansing represented the U.S. Italy also sent their Foreign Minister Sonnino to the negotiations. The Treaty of Versailles had two main issues on which it focused: Germany's post war territory and also the amount of reparations Germany must pay. In the East, Germany was literally split into two parts. The Allies decided that the nation of Poland should be given access to the sea, so they formed the "Polish Corrid...

Video Club Database Project Essay Example

Video Club Database Project Essay Example Video Club Database Project Essay Video Club Database Project Essay Oceanic Video Club is a private business, run by its owner Mr. Michael Coleman. Oceanic is a video club which is in the selling of films. The owner Mr. Michael has built up a large customer base and this is increasing year by year. The business is going well as the amount of clients is increasing. As Mr. Michael hold a list of customers on a paper-based filling system, so Mr. Michael does not worry about the client as they are being informed automatically. Consequently, he has decided to make an investment on a comprehensive customer information system so that he can hold details on his customers, who have been purchasing films in the last few years and now. Also to take their opinions about the video club so that he can offer his customers a better service.. An interview with Mr. Michael was arranged. These included: The objectives of the business. The precise objectives of the new system. The method currently used to record data. The information that needs to be kept on each customer. Any hardware or software constraints. The required output. The volume of data to be processed. The problems with the new and manual system. 1. How many employees do you have? 2. Do you sell on credit or cash? 3. Do you have any problems with debtors? 4. What are the expenses which you make each year? 5. What types of music do you sell? 6. Do you own or rent this place? 7. What problems do you get with the manual system? 8. How much money are you ready to invest in the computerization? An interview with Mr. Michael was arranged and a lists of topics for discussion drawn up prior to the interview. These included: Self: How many copies do you have in your stock? Mr. Michael: I have about 1500 copies. Self: Do you sell on credit or cash? Mr. Michael: I work with both systems. Self: Do you have any problems with debtors? Mr. Michael: Yes as it is usually the case everywhere. Self: What are the expenses which you make each year? Mr. Michael: When films are damaged I incurred a loss. Self: What types of films do you sells? Mr. Michael: I sell all types of films. Self: Do you own or rent this place? Mr. I own this place. Self: What problems do you get with the manual system? Mr. Michael It is time consuming to fill records on paper and sometimes important documents are loss. Self: How much are you ready to invest in the computerization? Mr. Michael would invest about Rs30 000 in the new system. Summary of the interview A lots of problems with the new system has been revealed during the interviews, and the new objectives recommended was done but it was time consuming to take data from the old paper-based system and put it in the new system as their was more than 300 regular customer in the old system and with 50 new customers being added every year. Problems to current system 1. Loss of records. Solution A. Use of a cupboard. Advantage All the records will be arranged in the cupboard drawers. Disadvantage It takes a lot of place Solution B. Used of a computerised database. Advantage Access to the information is rapid and there is less likelihood of the data becoming lost. Disadvantage Training is needed to use the system and this takes time and cost a lot of money. 2. Contacting customers about new items. Solution A. By sending letter to customers. The objectives may be stated in both quantitative and qualitative terms. 1. It should take less than 30 seconds to establish whether a customer is already on file and to fill in new films records. 2. It should be possible to go directly to the main menu screen to the entry of a transaction, without having to re-enter the customers name, etc 3. Data entry should be as fast and easy as possible, particularly as there are several hundred existing customers and music to be entered when the system is first installed. 4. It should take less than one minute to trace music for a customer. 5. The new system is required to provide the following information; a) A list of all available music. b) A list of all customers. 6. The main menu should be displayed automatically when the database is loaded, and the whole system should be menu-driven. The following is the data flow of the proposed system. The system to be developed is a customer information system, and is intended to enhance rather than replace the current system of recording music and customers records. If this proves successful, it will be possible at a future date to replace the current methods of recording records so that the details are typed directly into the computer and the required copies printed out. This could then be extended to link into a computerized accounts system. Software The customer has requested that the system be developed using Ms Access, so useless a good reason transpired for using an alternative program or package Ms Access will be the first choice of software. Hardware In order to run Ms Access and be able to perform a mail merge using word, a PC 486 or Pentium with a minimum of 8 MB, and preferably 16 MB, will be required. A fast processor such as a P4 will be needed if the system is not going to appear slow in switching between screens. Mr. Ah-Young is familiar with word and has a good keyboard skill, so should have no problem entering data and learning how to use the system. He would like to improve his knowledge of basic so that he can in the future perform new queries and reports as the need arises. A database package will be ideal for implementing the system for Power Music Shop, and as Mr. Ah-Young has requested that it should be done in Ms Access. This is the package that must be used. It would probably be possible to implement the system using Ms Access or another programming language but it would take longer time and would involve the owner having to buy more software which is not really necessary, as Ms Access has all the capabilities required. I already have some experience of Ms Access and it is available both at home and at college for development. Using this package it will be possible to * Set up the necessary tables and relationships. * Produced customized input screens, using Ms Access to automate data entry wherever possible and to perform various validations. * Use Ms Access modules to enable fast searches for a particular Customer and past stay. * Design reports as needed. The database contains two entities, which are CUSTOMER and MUSIC. Tables will be created for each of the entities. Tables will be created for each of these entities. The tables will contain the following data. Attribute Name Data type and length Validation Film code Text (4) Unique primary key Title Text (50) Actor Text (50) Actress Text (50) Type Text (20) Number of copies Numeric (2) Duration Text (6) Attribute Name Data type and length Validation Code Text (4) Unique primary key Name Text (20) Other Names Text (20) Date Of Birth Text (8) Sex Text (6) Address Text (50) Tel number Text (7) ID Card Number Text (16) Two data entry form are needed. This form will be used for several purposes so it needs facilities to * Check to see whether a Customer is already on the database. * Add a new Customer. * Look though all the existing records for the current Customer and bring up more details if necessary. The Customer details form will be as shown on the next page. This form will be used for several purposes so it needs facilities to * Check to see whether music is already on the database. * Add a new music * Look though all the existing records for the current music and bring up more details if necessary. The music details form will be as shown on the next page. Customer File FILM File The format of all the reports will be similar. The layout of the Customer report is shown below. The menu structure is as follows: A password will be attached to the database so that it is only accessible to someone who knows the password. Different access levels are not needed as Mr. Pascal is the only person who will be using the database. 9. Test Strategy The test strategy will include five different types of testing as described below: LOGICAL TESTING This will be used to test every aspect of each form, report and query as soon as it is implemented, using valid, invalid and extreme data. Test data will be added to test each code module and results compared with expected results. Sufficient data will be added to ensure that there is at least one customer in each category. The test data that will be added initially is shown in Appendix. Subsequent test will often involve adding new data, which will then be deleted when the test works satisfactorily. FUNCTIONAL TESTING Each menu item will be tested in turn to ensure that no function has been missed out. SYSTEM TESTING When the system is complete, the whole range of tests will be carried out again to ensure that no errors have been introduced. RECOVERY TESTING The computer will be re-booted while the database is open to ensure that data is not lost or corrupted in the event of a power of a power failure. ACCEPTANCE TESTING The user will then be involved and asked to test all the capabilities of the program to ensure that all request functions are presented and working in the manner expected. This testing may result in further refinements. SECTION 3 TESTING TEST PLAN Module: Password Menu TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Insert correct password and click on Login Main Menu should appear on the screen. OK 2 Insert incorrect password and click on Login A message saying wrong password should appear on the screen. OK Module: Main Menu TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Click on Customer File command button. Item File must appear on the screen. OK 2 Click on Film File command button. Customer File must appear on the screen. OK Module: Film File TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Click on Add command button. Must be able to add a record. OK 2 Click on Save command button Must be able to save a record. OK 3 Click on Delete command button. Must be able to delete a record. OK 4 Click on Back to Main Menu command button. Main Menu must appear on the screen. OK Module: Customer File TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Click on Add command button. Must be able to add a record. OK 2 Click on Save command button Must be able to save a record. OK 3 Click on Delete command button. Must be able to delete a record. OK 4 Click on Back to Main Menu command button. Main Menu must appear on the screen. OK SECTION 4 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE 1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW This Customer information system is designed to keep records of Customer profiles and their past purchases. It is designed to run alongside the current manual system of recording purchases, rather than replacing it. The computer will be in the reception and the owner can use it to check whether a customer who comes in is already on the database, or to check on past purchases. New data will be added to the database at a convenient time, possibly at the end of the week. The procedure that the user will fellow is described in the design section. 2. TABLES AND RELATIONSHIPS Tables and relationships were set up as specified in the design section. 3. FORMS The menu structure was set up as specified in the design section. Forms were used as follows: Main Menu This is specified as the start-up form and loads automatically when database is opened. All buttons either opening other form or reports, or quitting the database, were placed using wizards. Report Menu All buttons placed using wizards. Maximise macro runs on opening form. Input Forms The Customer details form has a combo box displaying Customer codes so that the user can look up the record for any Customer. The record source for this box is the database. 4. REPORTS These are as described in the user manual. All reports were created using wizards and then tailored to produce a more appropriate layout. SECTION 5 USER DOCUMENTATION Initial set up Password Menu The Password menu is automatically started when the database is loaded. The password is case sensitive but it will only accept OCEANIC. Main Menu The Main Menu will automatically appear when you enter the password. Film File Add a new record In order to add a new record, click on Add new and after adding all the information, click on Save Record. Viewing a record To view a record, find it using the Find record list box. Deleting a record To delete a record, first find it using the Find record list box, change the information and click on Delete record. View a report In order to view a report, click on Film Report. Customer File Add a new record In order to add a new record, click on Add new and after adding all the information, click on Save Record. Viewing a record To view a record, find it using the Find record list box. Deleting a record To delete a record, first find it using the Find record list box, change the information and click on Delete record. View a report In order to view a report, click on Customer Report. SECTION 6 APPRAISAL The system has been completed and installed on the users PC. It was completed in the manner originally designed and agreed with the user, and is straightforward to use. Referring to the original objectives listed in the Analysis section: 1. It should take less than 30 seconds to establish whether a film or a customer is already in the database. 2. It should be possible to go directly from the film files screen to the entry of a new film. 3. Data entry is as fast and easy as possible. 4. The new system provides the following information. a) List of all films. b) List of all customers. 5. The main menu should be displayed automatically when the program is loaded and the whole system should be menu driven 6. Mr. Pascal had some problems initially with data entry, confusing Items and customers, as this aspect works a little differently from the manual system. However he has now entered data for over 100 items and has no problems to report. 7. All reports are implemented as specified. 8. The menus work as planned. SECTION 7 APPENDIX Password Menu Private Sub Login_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Login_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String Text1.SetFocus If Text1.Text = OCEANIC Then stDocName = Mainmenu DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Else MsgBox (Wrong Password) End If Exit_Login_Click: Exit Sub Err_Login_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Login_Click End Sub Private Sub Exit_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Exit_Click DoCmd.Close Exit_Exit_Click: Exit Sub Err_Exit_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Exit_Click End Sub Main Menu Private Sub Exit_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Exit_Click DoCmd.Close Exit_Exit_Click: Exit Sub Err_Exit_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Exit_Click End Sub FilmFile Private Sub Add_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Add_Record_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNewRec Exit_Add_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Add_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Add_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Delete_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Delete_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 8, , acMenuVer70 DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 6, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Delete_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Delete_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Delete_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Save_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Save_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acRecordsMenu, acSaveRecord, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Save_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Save_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Save_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Film_Report_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Film_Report_Click Dim stDocName As String stDocName = Film Report DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Film_Report_Click: Exit Sub Err_Film_Report_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Film_Report_Click End Sub Private Sub Back_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Back_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = Main Menu DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Back_Click: Exit Sub Err_Back_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Back_Click End Sub Customer File Private Sub Add_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Add_Record_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNewRec Exit_Add_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Add_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Add_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Delete_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Delete_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 8, , acMenuVer70 DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 6, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Delete_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Delete_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Delete_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Save_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Save_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acRecordsMenu, acSaveRecord, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Save_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Save_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Save_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Customer_Report_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Customer_Report_Click Dim stDocName As String stDocName = Customer Report DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Customer_Report_Click: Exit Sub Err_Customer_Report_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Customer_Report_Click End Sub Private Sub Back_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Back_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = Main Menu DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Back_Click: Exit Sub Err_Back_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Back_Click End Sub

Outsourcing is either harmful or beneficial for American economic Essay

Outsourcing is either harmful or beneficial for American economic - Essay Example This activity assists companies in lowering their costs as the cost of production in US is quite high due to high cost of labor. With the economy development, more and more U.S companies would rather to choose outsourcing than the local service. To a certain extent, it is acceptable for America and American companies to be dependant on the labor of other countries. The activity of outsourcing of jobs conducted by US companies is not only beneficial for them, it is even beneficial for other nations because in these nations, there are low amount of jobs and the amount of salary they are paid is even low. Because its lower cost can help the U.S companies develop and can save the money for local customers. Also with more working positions are moving out of the country, there will create higher income jobs for local citizens. The several benefits associated with outsourcing of jobs include higher level of creativity in production, low cost of production, higher quality of service and incr eased number of jobs and wages for the workers of other nations. Outsourcing is a term used to refer to the act of obtaining goods and services from suppliers that are not located in nations that produce those goods and services. Murray Weidenbaum, a very famous economist and ex-chairman of President Regan’s Council of Economic Advisers, once announced that companies located throughout the US outsource their economic activities for several reasons. He feels that reasons for outsourcing include entrance into international markets, decrease the production cost, and to gain a competitive advantage while they compete in the global markets. The main benefit that a business within U.S obtains from outsourcing is the low cost of production as the product is produced at much lower cost in other nations as compared to the same product produced in the U.S. The U.S is importing raw materials from foreign nations, and the transfer of raw materials to the destination where they are used t o produce goods may increase the cost of production. If U.S manufacturers open their production line in areas where they obtain their resources, they no longer have to worry about the cost of raw materials transportation, and can direct deliver their products from the industry. It will become more profitable for businesses. For example, if in U.S organizations are importing raw materials from China and producing goods in the U.S. They not only have to pay the cost of the shipment fee but also need to afford the high wages in the state. If the company decide to move the manufactory into China, the wages over there are much cheaper than the U.S and set China as a delivery center, and the company doesn’t need to pay for the raw material transportation fee and only needs to pay the shipment fee of production sale which the company always have to pay either they located the manufactory in China or U.S. With this decision making, the company can save lots of money from the labor an d transportation fee, it can definitely help company to use the rest of money to expand the market and develop the company. Also once the company less their cost on producing the product, they would also cut down the price attract the consumers to make more sales revenue. Therefore the US companies are not the only one benefiting from outsourcing, even the consumer side is positively

Red Light Camera Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Red Light Camera - Speech or Presentation Example They can give you humble time on the roads, or they make your journey appear long. People affected by road accident can be your friends, relatives, acquaintances and even you. Road safety is paramount to each society in regards to the high number of road carnage that results from violation of traffic rules (Phantom 96). To reduce the number of road accidents in our roads and to ensure that the traffic law breakers are identified and prosecuted, a device that gives evidence over the law breakers has been devised Do you know what they are? They are traffic gadgets that at one point or another you have to encounter them while you are driving- the Red Light Cameras. II. Orientation Phase: A. Point: Today, I want to give you some guidelines on the importance of the red light cameras and discuss the advantages of the red light camera in the traffic system. B. Adaptation: A good number of us drive or will drive over our roads at some point in time. Understanding the red light camera and its advantages in the traffic system is not only important for the those driving over the roads but also for the safety of all other road users and a smooth traffic and order in our roads (Cobra 143). The red light camera can be an important component of traffic enhancement that would serve to guide us in observing the traffic. This is possible only if we get the right motive of the red light cameras and understanding how they work. C. Credibility: the red light camera can be a traffic device you come to love and enjoy their functionality as you drive over the roads or they can become your worst traffic devices as they can land you into several traffic offenses if you fail to understand them. The red light cameras are completely computerized devices that avail the necessary evidence to the concerned authorities for justice to be done on the traffic law violators (Phantom 96). When a road user for instance a motorist, speeds through the intersection of the red light,