Sectional pressure Essay Example

Sectional pressure Essay (1)Sectional pressure groups are ones that aim to represent the common interests of a particular section of society and are mostly concerned with only that part of society; so as a result, membership is often closed and restricted. The also aim to get as many eligible members as possible to join the group.Sectional groups might include; TUC, the Confederation of British Industry, the Institute of Directors, British Medical Association, Federation of Small Businesses, National Farmers Union, the Law SocietyMembers of sectional pressure groups are directly and personally concerned with the outcome of the campaigns fought by the group because normally they stand to gain professionally and/or economically.Promotional pressure groups are also known as cause groups. This group follows a specific set of objectives- they aim to promote a cause, the achievement of which is not necessarily of direct professional or economic benefit to the members of the group. Examples of a promotional pressur e group are- CND, whose cause is nuclear disarmament and The Society for the protection of the unborn child, whose cause is the prevention of abortions.There membership is not usually restricted because they aim to promote a cause that everybody is likely to support. These types of pressure groups get members joining them because they want to join and can be sub-divided according to the aims they pursue. A pressure group for both of these categories would be age concern.(2)There are many methods pressure groups employ to influence the political process.Most pressure groups are careful to maintain a non-partisan approach; some can only realistically expect to exert influence if a particular party is in power. For example, it is only since labour came into power in 1997 that the Electoral Reform Society had any realistic change of achieving its goals because the Conservatives were strongly opposed to electoral reform whilst in government.It is important to note that it is not always t he pressure groups that approach parties. Some times if a party wants a particular policy to be supported, the party will approach the particular pressure group.One way in which pressure groups can challenge and sometimes overturn a government decision is to take action in the courts. Legal actions are costly and long; however, pressure groups have now been using this method even more. A few of the larger pressure groups now have a legal representative or department.The cost of taking legal action means that, in general, the courts are only used as a last resort when all other methods have been unsuccessful.There has also been a huge increase of paid political consultants who offer to act as intermediaries between pressure groups and parliament.Lobbyists are used mainly by sectional groups and commercial clients; however, some cause groups do make use of them. Lobbyists have three main functions. The first one is to provide groups with political information, secondly, to bring group s into contact with MPs or officials, or to bring MPs or officials into contact with groups and finally, to persuade MPs or officials to back a particular issue or cause.Pressure groups also need to get the publics support and this can be done using the media. The media plays a central role in modern politics and is used by all pressure groups. Television and newspapers are particularly important in determining which issues appear on the political agenda both nationally and locally.They can also help to create a climate of public opinion which puts pressure on decision makers. There are many ways in using the media. Firstly, the media can provide visibility, secondly, the media acts as a source of information for pressure groups. Pressure groups often scrutinise the media for relevant information and are able to build campaigns around issues that are in the news or which have local relevance. Thirdly, the media plays a part in changing political climate and this can have a direct ef fect on pressure group popularity, e.g. The Abortion Reform Association was set up in 1936 but its views were ignored until a new liberal outlook emerged in 1960s. Pressure groups may also need to react to a news item and, media coverage can demonstrate that a matter is of public concern. Finally, information provided by pressure groups may directly influence the content or articles or programmes. All this being a way of campaigning outside the government system.Three campaigning techniques that pressure groups can use are- paying for adverts in newspapers, direct mail and publicity stunts. Paying for adverts in newspapers can attract support for the cause and bring in donations and new members. As it is an expensive method, only groups with a large amount of members can afford this. Some groups produce mail shots which are posted direct to members of the public. This method allows the pressure group to reach a large number of people in a short amount of time. Others are designed to inform people about developments or ask them to take action. An example of this would be Greenpeace, who have managed persuade almost half a million people to write letters protesting about whaling.On the other hand, some groups are not viewed in a sympathetic light by the media and therefore cannot expect to receive good publicity as a matter of course. Sometimes different issues are given higher priorities, and therefore other groups may find that there press releases are ignored. As a result, some pressure groups may organise events, to gain publicity. These events may vary, from things like, marches or demonstrations or they might be other forms of direct action. In some circumstances, certain pressure groups may end up using violence as a means of publicising their cause.Pressure groups could also use direct action. Direct action is a form of political action which operates outside the formal political process. It can be characterized as a range of activities which have a numb er of essential qualities. They can be highly organised and effective, they are demonstrative, obstructive, publicity seeking, increasingly illegal and at times violent.Campaigns of direct action are highly organised. Even though local campaigns of direct action might not be successful, they can still influence government policy.(3)Some pressure groups are more successful than others. There are many reasons behind this.It is not simple to measure the success of a pressure group. Although there are some cause groups which have a single objective, most pressure groups have multiple objectives and it is difficult to know which has priority. However, it is important to note that there are many other factors other than the achievement of an objective that may affect whether or not a pressure group is successful or not.First, it is important to take into consideration whether decision makers are responsive to a pressure groups message.If a pressure groups message fits with the decision ma kers ideology, it is much more likely to be accepted and the group is therefore, much more likely to accepted and the group is therefore likely to be affective.Secondly, the fact that much of the discussion about a decision often takes place in private is also significant. This is because, later, it might not be clear from records whether a pressure groups actions have been influential.Sometimes it is difficult to know which pressure group has influenced the decision makers. This is because sometimes, several pressure groups campaign for the same outcome which means it can be unclear which particular group influenced the decision makers.If decision makers do not appear to be receptive, this does not mean that they have taken no notice of the pressure groups campaign. Pressure groups demands may be taken on board quietly to avoid a loss of faceGrant, 1995, argues that there are three main categories which affect pressure groups effectiveness. These three categories being, 1) Domain o rganisation 2) Resources and 3) The external environment.The characteristics of the membership of a pressure group to some extent determine the effectiveness of the pressure group. A group who has members that come from a disadvantage section of the population is less likely to be effective than a group whose membership comes from the middle classes. An example would be- the WWF with its mass membership of middle-class activists are likely to be effective than the Claimants Union, the bulk of whose membership is unemployed.The attractiveness of a group in terms of its electoral influence may also play a part in determining effectiveness. It is easier to arouse public concern and, therefore, the support decision makers for the elderly than for, say, for the low paid. Also, competition for members can lead to groups becoming less competitive. Rather than presenting a united front, groups representing the same interests may be fragmented by their differing ideologies and stragerigies. If this is the case, then decision makers are likely to adopt a divide and rule policy which reduces the chance of any of the pressure groups fulfilling their objectives.This is a tactic often used by the government when dealing with unions. An example would be the teaching profession. This is represented by six different unions and is highly unusual for all six to take the same line on government policy. This makes it easier fro the government to ignore views it does not support.The second category, resources, states how the finance, number of staff and the organisational structure of a pressure group have an effect on its success.Financial resources not only affect what campaigning techniques a group can use, they also determine how many members of staff a group can employ.Employees have the time and expertise to ensure that campaigns are organised in a professional, effective manner.Financial uncertainty can also affect a groups effectiveness. Most groups rely on membership subsc riptions and donations. But these sources of funds can dry up easily. Between 1989 and 1992, for example, WWFs income fell by more than à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3 million because it lost a tenth of its supporters. This drop in the number of supporters was due both to the depth of the economic recession and the fact that the environment had slipped down the political agenda.A groups organisational structure also has a hearing on its effectiveness. Sectional groups tend to have a centralised structure including a council which is the ultimate policy-making body and smaller specialised groups which look after individual areas or campaigns. Cause groups on the other hand tend to have a more decentralised structure. The advantage here is that members feel that they are intimately involved in the groups decision making process.Every pressure group has finite resources, but the way in which a group chooses to use these resources will help to determine that groups effectiveness, a bad choice of tactics can mean a long-term setback.Public opinion can also be an important factor in determining a groups effectiveness. Attitudes tend to change slowly, but a series of events or a crisis may lead to the expression of new views.Often these new views are first expressed in the media. Decision makers tend to be concerned with what the media sees as important and to give priority to these issues. That is one reason why pressure groups cultivate contacts with the media.The importance of public opinion can be seen in the way in which the environmental movement grew in the 1980s.Much media coverage was given to environmental problems such as the reduction of the ozone layer, global warming and acid rain. Public concern about environmental issues led not only to an increase in support for environmental groups, it also led to greater emphasis being placed on the environment by decision bakers. Members rose form 74,360 in 1988 to 231,211 in 1991

Exercises

Exercises er Canstar Cannex, Joshua Zenas, says a car purchase isn't regarded as good debt because the borrowing isn't for something that will appreciate in value (Parker, 2010). It may thus be wise to avoid or minimize borrowing money to purchase a car. Obringer suggests the following sources of finance: dealership, bank or credit union, online financial institution, home equity loan, family member or friend (Obringer, 2013). Exercise 4: Explain how the European Commission, European governments and the ECB have responded to the sovereign debt crisis affecting Euro-based economies? The European Commission has created guides with regards to aiding European countries who urgently need help. The Commissions focus is on responding to peoples needs, targeting those in real need and improving peoples integration into society (A stronger safety net for those in need, 2013). On the other hand, European governments, led by the European Union, have reportedly been concentrating on the bailing out of the countries with struggling economies such as Greece, Ireland and Portugal. These countries were granted billions of Euros of loans to help bring back their economies to stability. The European Central Bank, led by its president Mario Draghi, has declared to grant loans with the lowest interest rates to European nations (Kenny, 2013). Exercise 5: The Closed Fund is a closed-end investment fund company with an investment portfolio company currently worth $200m. It has liabilities of $30 million and 5 million shares outstanding. What is the NAV of the fund? If the fund sells at $36 per share, what is the premium/ discount as a percentage of the NAV? Net Asset Value is equal to the sum of market value of all the securities and cash and equivalent holdings, less the fund liabilities, divided by the total outstanding fund shares. Using the formula, the NAV for the fund would be $34, given that the company is worth $200 million with liabilities of $30 million and 5 million in shares. If the fund sells at $36 per share, then the premium/discount as a percentage of the NAV is 5.56%. Exercise 6: Consider a mutual fund with $200 million in assets and 10 million shares outstanding at the start of the year. The fund invests in a portfolio of stocks which provides a dividend income at the end of the year of $2 million. The stocks included in the portfolio increase in price by 18% during the year, but no securities are sold and there is no capital distribution. The fund charges management fees of 1% based on the year end portfolio asset value. What is the NAV at the start and the end of the year? What is the rate of return for the investor? The Net Asset Value at the beginning of the year is equal to $200 million in assets, less than liabilities, divided by 10 million shares. Since there was no value for the liabilities mentioned, the NAV then is $20 at the beginning of the year. Given that the fund charges management fees of 1% based on the year end portfolio asset value, the NAV at the end of the year is $19.80 since 1% of $20 is $0.20. The fund then invests $2 million in a portfolio of stocks, in which the value increases by 18% at the end of the year. Using the formula for Rate of Return on Investments, the rate would still be 18%. Exercise 7: You purchased 1,000 shares in New Fund at a price of $20 per share at the start of the year. You paid an entry fee of 4%. The securities in which the fund invests have increased in value by 12% during the year. The fund has incurred expenses (including management fees) of 1.2% of its assets (on an average basis) during the year. What is your rate of return and actual gain if you sell your shares at the end of the year? The buyer has initially purchased a total of $20,000 in shares. Paying the 4% entry fee would cost him another $800. During the year, the fund has incurred expenses of 1.2% of its assets, which amounts to $240. At the end of the year, the securities that the fund invested in would increase by 12%, which would be equal to $22,400. The rate of return on investment would be 6.46% and the actual gain would be $1,360.

Comparative Study of Two Indian or Two Chinese Religions Essay

Comparative Study of Two Indian or Two Chinese Religions - Essay Example Hinduism supporters comprise of about fourteen percent while Buddhism followers total to six percent of the global population (Underwood, p 1). Therefore, Buddhism is a derivative of Hinduism. In reality, Buddhism started in order to criticize the offensive fundamentals of the Hindu civilization, taking in the cruelty, in the caste routine (Samad). This essay will analyze the spiritual as well as cultural similarities and dissimilarities involving Hinduism along with Buddhism. Buddhism and Hinduism are dominant beliefs in the world, and they started in ancient India. In that case, they have an assortment of similarities in their beliefs. First, the two religions are alike in the way they both developed in the subcontinent of India. Secondly, they equally believe that there are lower and higher worlds and that there exists divinities on diverse planes. In addition, both religions highlight the deceptive natural world and function of karma in the birth and death phases. The term karma means the sum of all of person’s actions. Further, Buddhism and Hinduism recognize the function of desire in the suffering of a human being. While Buddha supposed that avoiding desire would stop suffering, Hindu believed that desirable actions leads to suffering and that acting without focus reduces the anguish. Next, there is accentuating on compassion as well as peacefulness towards living creatures in both Buddhism and Hinduism. In addition, the two religions have faith that a refutation of the world’s life is a qualification for the religious life. Besides, they both possess their version of practice and rites, which assist in the achievement of internal peace. Next, Buddhism as well as Hinduism trusts in the worthiness of particular spiritual performances comprising mediation and profound concentration (Underwood, p 7-8). Likewise, they both are strict lacto-vegetarians. This is because; Hindus believe that life is holy, while Buddhists consider it not right to ta ke away a life. In addition, they all believe in Dharma, which signifies sacred duty. Lastly, both religions have an objective to attain. Their aim is to flee from the continuous reincarnation cycle (Social Studies School Service, 136). Hinduism varies from Buddhism in various ways. Firstly, Hinduism has no principal figure, while Buddhism is on the foundation of the holy text, the ‘Tripitaka’, a compilation of teachings from a male named Buddha. Therefore, Buddha initiated Buddhism, while there was no founder of Hinduism. Hinduism develops on the caste system, which is a routine formed by the Aryans, and states that individuals should do the work they were born to do. These jobs are such as merchants, farmers, soldiers and many others. Whereas, if someone’s father happens to be a farmer, so they are. On the contrary, Buddhists did not commit on the caste way since they believed in equality to all persons. They believe that every person must work hard to reduce t he life’s stress (Social Studies School Service, 135). Hindus have faith in the supremacy along with efficacy of the Vedas, while Buddhists do not obey the Vedas or any scripture of Hinduism. Hinduism trust in one supreme God; the ‘Brahman’, plus various minor gods like the Shiva, Vishnu, and individual’s soul. On the contrary, Buddhists do not admit their belief in any supreme God or souls. However, they believe that persons are accountable for their actions (Social Studies School Service, 136; Underwood, p 8). Further, Buddhists are arranged into a monastic order, while Hindus do not contain a formal and regular system of arrangement. Buddhists regard stopping human anguish as their main objective in life. On the other hand,

SAB 310 UNIT 7 ASSIGN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

SAB 310 UNIT 7 ASSIGN - Assignment Example The requirements include a specific numbers of different sports available for women and men, participant’s minimum numbers and number of events for different sports, criteria used to schedule the games, and overall financial awards in terms athletics for the students involved. The mens football institutional teams are also grouped into 3 divisions which include within the first group I-A, group 2 or I-AA, which is related to team attendance registers and competiveness. Most competitors who have taken part in these games have not only grown with the competitions but have also enhanced their skills. The NCAA contests of championship have become the focal point of continental media through merchandising efforts. Additionally, the most institutional championships have been the Basketball Tournament for men. This is evident from the sale of broadcast rights by televisions for above game tournament which were sold in 1999 to CBS. The total cost was for $545 million per year on average. Most of the profits made on the championship and game events which include broadcast rights were directed to institutions to support athletics membership programs. This has greatly helped in managing and running championship events which support different world wide initiatives. The most common members and requirements of the NCAA body include marketing strategies, licensing requirements, and promotions that deal directly with the NCAA promotion of different brands within the NCAA championships. The NCAA membership or service division of the national office has a main responsibility of helping institutional members from different universities and colleges to comprehend comply and understand different and vital legislations in relation to NCAA. Membership functions are vital in service provision. These functions include providing the institutions and the public with available access to knowledgeable

External Environment Analysis of Disneyland Park in Anaheim Research Paper

External Environment Analysis of Disneyland Park in Anaheim - Research Paper Example This outbreak started in December 2014 when 36 people including visitors and workers of Disneyland amusement park contracted measles (Leifer, 2015). In addition, further 90 people across seven states in the US and the neighboring country Mexico were reported infected from the outbreak. Though the measles outbreak in Disneyland had adverse effects on their visitors and employees, it only had a slight impact on the park’s attendance (Comb, 2015). The park lost revenues of unvaccinated visitors who were advised by health officials to avoid Disneyland. In addition, Comb says minors who could not be vaccinated were also locked out of Disneyland as a result of doctors’ recommendation. The park’s management incurred extra expenses by catering for the medical bills of their employees who were infected by measles. Even though, the measles had no adverse effects on Disneyland business, the park’s social image was tainted as a result of the outbreak. Currently, many visitors are medically advised before visiting the park something that portrays the park a dangerous place. Unlike Disneyland Park, Universal Studio Hollywood is a working movie studio. Levine (2014) states that the studio began in mid-1960s as modest backstage tour that offered tours to the public. The studio offers big thrills to the visitors by combining scary effects with high-speed coaster rides. These rides and amusement are based on some of the most famous scenes and characters from popular films and televisions. It also offers the celebration of special events such as treatment of intrepid visitors at the annual Halloween Night Horror and celebration of the Christmas holiday (Levine, 2014). Though the studio has over time grown into more of a theme park that offers roller coasters, it has managed to maintain its focus on movies and culture. Additionally, this park offers water activities for its visitors. Universal Studio

Modernity And Cinema In Bengal Film Studies Essay

Modernity And Cinema In Bengal Film Studies Essay Realism and Modernity are two words closely associated with Bengali cinema. Some of the greatest and among the most popular filmmakers of Bengal took realist genre of films to a new height, alongside reflecting modernist ideas. Realism and modernity go hand-in-hand in Bengali films, especially in the work of greats like Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak. Although defining modernity would mean at least a few more pages, for the sake of this essay, we would deduct it down to merely social, political and artistic modernization. Satyajit Rays magnum opus Pather Pancheli is one of the greatest examples of realist films portraying various elements of modernity. Inspired by Italian neo-realism (especially Vittorio De Siccas Bicycle Thief, 1948), Ray created his first film and a masterpiece reflecting the evolution and social change in Bengal and a modernization of ideas and concepts. In Pather Panchali, Ray talks about leaving old ideas behind and moving on. He talks about how over time, old ways of living, ancestral ideas and traditional lifestyle has become stale and needs to be changed. Apu, with his family, leaves his home and village at the end because the ancestral house held them behind. They moved to find a better way of living. They moved to get rid of the old house which couldnt help them in any way, but instead took their daughters life. This whole film is a transition from pre-modern to a modern way of living. Ray distributes several metaphors throughout the film metaphors of modernity and need for change. One important character which served as a metaphor for me was that of the old aunt. Shes old, tired and just wanders around the house doing nothing. Shes often told to go indicating shes not wanted in the house. The family is fed up of her just as theyre fed up of traditions and the same lifestyle theyd been living in the fear of famine, poverty and survival. The old aunt wanders, trying to find a place for herself, and when she doesnt, she dies. Ray shows death of old ideas. Ray wants change. He shows a need for change and a breakaway from traditions which are holding you back. He wants to show theres always a need for change. The old aunt is a mere metaphor for him to show how traditions have become stale. Charulata (1964), another one of the great films by Ray, also talks about change. But here, he sets it in an upper middle class Bengali society where a lonely housewife falls in love with her brother-in-law while they both encourage each other to write. He puts two different ideas of home and desire, literature and politics, pre-modernism and modernity face-to-face. Rays films have a humanistic touch. He uses his craft to get to the deepest part of human heart and extract out the emotions from there. Scenes like Apu throwing away the necklace Durga had stolen, Amal leaving home to avoid being unfaithful, Durga stealing food for her aunt add to the humanistic approach of Satyajit Rays work. Neo-realism is another thing that inspired Ray. According to me, its mainly because his stories were about society. He couldnt have made them in a fictional style because then they wouldnt be relevant to the society. His stories were not meant to be mere films, but a reality somewhere in time which needed to be imitated in Bengali society and which was a reflection of the same society he lived in. His characters were sketches of real people. They were close to real. For example, when you think Durga, you dont think of her as a two-dimensional good or evil character, but as a girl who existed and had different attributes to her personality just like everybody else. She wasnt a puppet. Similarly, Ritwik Ghataks films introduced different modern themes to the evolving society of Bengal such as alienation, isolation, need for home. In one of his most personal and also socially relevant films Ajantrik, Ghatak introduces the concept of alienation and isolation from the society. He shows a mans attachment to his car, an inanimate object and a troubled social life where he cant connect well to the people around him. Scenes like where the character Bimal is talking to his car, the car responding to him, him taking care of the car like a companion and not caring about what his society says, show how important a character Jagaddal (the car) is. Ghatak doesnt treat the car as a prop, but as a character itself. He tries to show the cars point of view; he wants to make us feel its presence thus implying the fact how relations have also evolved along with modernization of ideas and society; how people have become more involved with their property rather than fellow human beings. Similarly, in Subarnarekha (1965), Ghatak reflects on the feeling of home (along with many other sub-themes such as happiness, relations). His work has been about change, modernity and its effects and mainly, how partition has affected society and Ghatak himself. In Subarnarekha, he tells a story of a family moving to the bank of Subarnarekha River after the partition and how the girl Sita seeks happiness throughout the film. Moreover, he tells of her feeling at the new home. The river becomes the new home for her who she confides in her secrets, woes and happiness. From what I observed in Ghataks films, he believes that society has changed from being a community to more of a collective living of different individuals. I observed individualism in his work, and how people have turned from their fellows to nature or man-made beauty whether it is mountains and rivers to cars and property. I think there are many modernist elements found in both Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghataks films ranging from their content and themes (home, anthropomorphism, modernity itself) to their craft (use of POV shots, different style of cinematography, manipulating space and even the use of Brechtian elements). Mise-en-scene of Subarnarekha Subarnarekha by Ritwik Ghatak has a totally different feel from Ghataks Ajantrik where he uses machinery and artificial elements. Here he turns to nature. He turns to landscapes for expression of emotions. His landscapes speak. For example, in every scene when Sita sings, we see landscapes of river and surroundings. At times, it seems like Sita is singing to the river, telling her story. Ghatak has a strong fascination of juxtaposing sound and landscape and how it creates an impact in viewers mind. Whats interesting to note is how the kind of landscape shows the state of mind of character, such as when shes happy, we see rice fields and river and when shes sad and bored, we see a barren land. Watching a Ritwik Ghatak film is like going on a travel journey around the state. He shows you picturesque landscapes which strongly reflect nature and emotions. Another important thing which is part of the mise-en-scene is strange framing. Ghatak likes to frame his subjects on extreme and odd points of the grid and juxtapose them to their background, giving them a context. For example the scene where Sita is singing of her woes in a barren land around her and when she ends, the camera dollies out just showing Sitas body (which is also cut in the frame and not properly placed). You can expect the unexpected in Ghataks style of framing. He wouldnt use conventional framing in Subarnarekha, but put two images side by side to create a different context. In Subarnarekha, Ghataks art direction also plays an important role. They also help create the mise-en-scene of the film. The river, the lonely plains, one house in the middle of nowhere, very little to no people, an old abandoned place where the war took place they all develop a certain mood. The movement and transition from a small town school to a journey across the border and to a lone house in the midst of barren land. It creates a symphony a lyrical transition from one note to another. Pace of the film is another thing thats part of the mise-en-scene. The time duration of the film determines how long it would feel compared to the real time. Ghatak manipulates time to the extent where Subarnarekha starts to feel realist which means time is slowed down, although not exactly to match the real time. He changes pace continuously to match the action and the passing of time. Subarnarekha is divided into chapters occurring in different passing time periods. Camera movement is quite natural in the film. Most of the time, Ghatak uses the invisible camera method and doesnt change points of view except at a point where Abhiram recognizes his lost mother. In that scene, camera shifts focus as to provide a point of view of Abhiram recognizing her mother. Ghatak uses space quite realistically creating a perfect illusion of real space. I think Ritwik Ghataks choice of shooting on-location really helped him stay true to his realistic nature of the film (just like many realist filmmakers of 20th century). Costumes, as part of the films mise-en-scene, are minimal and are there just to show the traditional way of life. It hasnt been stylized like setting, sound and camera work. Acting (considering it a part of mise-en-scene) has been reduced to appear natural unlike some of the early films which imitated theater.

HCS 483 Information System Briefing Essay

Information System Briefing Health Care Information Systems HCS 483 August 25, 2013 Information System Briefing Providing quality health care is rapidly becoming synonymous with health care organizations acquiring technology and information systems that are the most current. Success of the health care organization depends on the implementation of information systems that are designed to meet the standards of quality set by the organization and the health care industry. Acquisition and implementation of new or upgraded information systems pose big challenges. Understanding the organizations goals and the roles of the stakeholders will help in the process of choosing the correct information system for use by the organizations health care providers. Selection and Acquisition Creating a steering committee to start the process of selecting and acquiring is the first step for a health care organization when looking at implementing a new information system. Appointing a project manager to lead the committee to help give the appropriate information and guide the committee in making decision. The steering committee determines the process of implementing the new information system and conducts research to help determine the best information system for the organization’s needs. The steering committee must look at the needs of the organization for not only the current use but also how the system will grow with the organization into the future. Identifying the standards of care that the health care organization will help define the objectives the committee must meet and the scope of analysis to evaluate that the organization system requirements are met. Research Researching the vendors for products that will meet the needs of documentation and records storage is vital in acquiring the correct product. Contacting different vendors and setting up product demonstrations is the best way to compare products. This will provide for hands-on research for  ease of use and real-time questions to be answered by the representative. Collecting predetermined evaluation criteria from the members on the steering committee so that the selection process can begin. Collecting the individual remarks on the product must be done on the day of the presentation. Comparing the different information systems, this way will help with the selection process. Cost Analysis â€Å"The heightened awareness in recent years of the need to live within budgets in the health care sector would seem to create the perfect climate for cost-effectiveness analysis† (Russell, Gold, Siegel, Daniels, & Weinstein, 1996, p. 1). Cost analysis is part of the findings that the steering committee must submit in their findings while researching the different products. Cost is a driving factor in the selection of a new information system. If the new system does not integrate into established systems within the organization, there will be more cost associated with that product. Organizations Goals Upholding the health care organization’s goals in every aspect of the acquisition phase is first priority. Forming strategies that identify with the mission and goals set forth by the organization will help guide the recommendation from the steering committee. Involving other project leads from supporting departments such as Information Technology (IT) will be necessary. IT has the knowledge on the existing systems and will have the insight that is needed when adding or combining system products. It is probable that IT has projects that will need to interface with the new information system. Combining ideas and research may help lead to a better information system choice for the organization. Roles of the Stakeholders The stakeholder’s roles in the organization’s acquisition of new information system are from start to finish. There should be a stakeholder’s presence in the steering committee to put their skills and knowledge of the plans of the organization on the table to help influence decisions. The active stakeholder on the steering committee can report to other stakeholder’s on the progress and changes in the process of choosing the information system. The broad range of stakeholders is identified as anyone who holds interest  in the failure or success of the organization. This can range from Chief-Executive-Officer (CEO) to business managers and administrators, doctors to the nursing staff and even patients. Patients are a vital source of information because the patient is the owner of the data entered in to the information system. Stakeholders should have active input in the entire process of research, acquisition, and implementation of a new information system . For example, â€Å"The medical user may want an easy-to-use system releasing him or her from documentation tasks, while the administrative user wants a system enforcing complete documentation† (Ammenwerth, Graber, Herrmann, Burkle, & Konig, 2003, p. 5). Conclusion When considering the addition or expansion of a health information system the organization must conduct research with several vendors and a steering committee to make recommendations of the product that will best fit with the requirements set forth by the organization. The goals of the organization will help guide the decisions on what information system will fit the needs currently and into the future. The stakeholder’s involvement in the entire project gives unique insight from the different levels of stakeholders. Patients, nurses, doctors, management, and executive management are all stakeholders. Combining all of these elements will help in the process of acquiring the appropriate information system for the health care organization. References Ammenwerth, E., Graber, S., Herrmann, G., Burkle, T., & Konig, J. (2003, June 7, 2002). Evaluation of health information systems—problems and challenges. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 71, 125-135. http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1386-5056(03)00131-X Russell, L. B., Gold, M. R., Siegel, J. E., Daniels, N., & Weinstein, M. C. (1996, October 9, 1996). The Role of Cost-effectiveness Analysis in Health and Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276, 1172-1177. Retrieved from http://av4kc7fg4g.search.serialssolutions.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+role+of+cost effectiveness+analysis+in+health+and+medicine&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.au=Russell%2C+Louise+B&rft.au=Gold%2C+Marthe+R&rft.au=Siegel%2C+Jo

What Is Military Geography?

Long before the history of military being recorded, conflicts among humans existed. There will always be different kind of views, ideology, perspectives, needs and greed in every part of the world. The most crucial moment is, when greed overcomes mind. Authority, territory and fame are the common pursued purposes. From those days onwards, military was founded under circumstances that to expand and to conquer others, to defend and to offend; it has indeed became a very important aspect in building an empire or a nation. Today, speaking about military geography clearly stands for the study on the combination between the knowledge of warfare and the knowledge on earth. In the ancient China, there is a proverb saying that â€Å"anyone who controls/ predicts the weather accurately will conquer the world. † There were a lot of wars or conflicts lost or won because of the geography aspect. It can simply means the weather, terrain, seasons, temperature, water, direction of wind, type of forest and so on so forth. Plenty of examples in the world that show how important is it to master the knowledge of geography and use it in warfare strategy. A very good example will be Vietnam. A small and used to be underdeveloped country defeated two world developed countries, France at first and next the United States of America. During the two wars, the Viet Congs were armed with much outdated weapons compared to the two countries; however, weapon’s technology was not really their strategy in winning but the guerilla tactic. As we can see on the globe, the location of France and USA are different from Vietnam, every aspects regard the geography mentioned above are different. Vietnam has much thicker and damp forests. Besides that, the outsiders are not familiar with the geography of Vietnam, the heavy machineries such as tanks and artilleries cannot be transported well and were lacking of warfare experience in thick forests. A few more examples of how important geography is in military are the two most recent wars, which happened in the Twentieth First Century, Afghanistan War and Gulf War Two. Although the USA won in both wars at the beginning, the failure in convincing and to channel liberal ideology to the locals prove the failure of USA in mastering the human and culture geography. There is another proverb in Chinese says, â€Å"Respects were earned through sincerity, no through force. † The military in both Middle East countries are super high technology and powerful, it still could not stop the ambushes and attacks from the enemies, who are equipped with outdated weapons. The reason behind is, failure in countering the terrain. It is very hard to overcome a person who lives in a mountainous desert, perhaps we can after ten or fifteen years of researches and studies but that will take up millions of dollar just to keep the war going. It is a very highly risky war. Since the ancient time, our ancestors had make use of knowledge in geography to encounter different obstacles, especially weather. Transporting and travelling on air, water or land, all need to depend on weather’s condition. Furthermore, weather had been used as weapons to jeopardize enemies and even now it can be soon created, like the man made rain, has huge potential to be integrated as storm and send it to the enemy’s location. However, another contradicting example was the Japanese Empire military during World War Two. The Japanese had gathered a lot of information, sent and placed their spies in the countries or locations they plan to attack like Pearl Harbor, The Peninsula of Malaya, Manchuria, Southern China, Philippines and Australia. Moreover, the spies had been sent to their locations for years, much long before the World War Two starts. This indicates on how much they value about the local geography to make sure their offensive missions will succeed, other than just collecting enemy’s military information. In the same time, on the other side of the world, the landing date for D-Day mission on Normandy, France had been change a few times due to bad weather. In addition, company of paratroopers were drop far behind enemy line so that they can survey enemy’s activities. All these are not just gathering intelligent information of the enemy but also the local’s weather or terrain that had been altered by the enemy. It is undeniable that geographic information is essential in military warfare tactics. Even in this peaceful time, long before the Gulf War Two and Afghanistan War, USA had already positioned NMD-National Missile Defense, around the world in the allied countries’ land. The reason is simple, to protect USA. But how we determine where to put it? Just right besides the potential enemy. Most recent example, Ukraine-USA-Russia issue on last two years, when USA wanted to install missiles in Ukrainian land. However, USA also has Her missiles standby in Greenland too. All these are of course, to protect the beloved nation-state within a certain perimeter, but where and why they put it there will be more to a geographically questions; because it is strategic. In a nutshell, Geography is the study of the earth. It studies humanization, history, nature, environment, weather; it is like another term for science, but broader. Military Geography will be the study of earth in order with the study of military tactics, so that mistakes, casualties and loses can be lessen.

World War I

When World War I came to a close in mid-November of 1918, many ideas were circulating in Europe as to what the peace settlement should entail. In Britain, leaders were thinking about how to increase British colonial power. In France, many wanted to permanently punish the Germans, partly in revenge for Germany's aggression in World War I, but also, perhaps subliminally, for the Franco-Prussian war in 1871. In Germany, citizens were worried about how radical changes after the war could affect their daily lives. Finally, in the United States, President Wilson was already concocting a system of permanently preserving European peace. All these biases, worries, plans, and ideas came together in Paris in 1919, with the Treaty of Versailles, establishing the post-war peace in Europe. Yet just twenty years later, war would once again break out in Europe. So why were the peace settlements of World War I unable to prevent the outbreak of war twenty years later in World War II? To underst! and this, one must first have a detailed understanding of the World War I peace settlement at Versailles. The first and most significant treaty signed after World War I was the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty, signed on the 28th of June 1919, was mainly orchestrated by David Lloyd George, representing Britain and Georges Clemenceau, representing France. Woodrow Wilson was the official representative of the United States, though he was often unable to attend due to sickness or other problems. When Wilson was in absentia, Secretary of State Robert Lansing represented the U.S. Italy also sent their Foreign Minister Sonnino to the negotiations. The Treaty of Versailles had two main issues on which it focused: Germany's post war territory and also the amount of reparations Germany must pay. In the East, Germany was literally split into two parts. The Allies decided that the nation of Poland should be given access to the sea, so they formed the "Polish Corrid...

Video Club Database Project Essay Example

Video Club Database Project Essay Example Video Club Database Project Essay Video Club Database Project Essay Oceanic Video Club is a private business, run by its owner Mr. Michael Coleman. Oceanic is a video club which is in the selling of films. The owner Mr. Michael has built up a large customer base and this is increasing year by year. The business is going well as the amount of clients is increasing. As Mr. Michael hold a list of customers on a paper-based filling system, so Mr. Michael does not worry about the client as they are being informed automatically. Consequently, he has decided to make an investment on a comprehensive customer information system so that he can hold details on his customers, who have been purchasing films in the last few years and now. Also to take their opinions about the video club so that he can offer his customers a better service.. An interview with Mr. Michael was arranged. These included: The objectives of the business. The precise objectives of the new system. The method currently used to record data. The information that needs to be kept on each customer. Any hardware or software constraints. The required output. The volume of data to be processed. The problems with the new and manual system. 1. How many employees do you have? 2. Do you sell on credit or cash? 3. Do you have any problems with debtors? 4. What are the expenses which you make each year? 5. What types of music do you sell? 6. Do you own or rent this place? 7. What problems do you get with the manual system? 8. How much money are you ready to invest in the computerization? An interview with Mr. Michael was arranged and a lists of topics for discussion drawn up prior to the interview. These included: Self: How many copies do you have in your stock? Mr. Michael: I have about 1500 copies. Self: Do you sell on credit or cash? Mr. Michael: I work with both systems. Self: Do you have any problems with debtors? Mr. Michael: Yes as it is usually the case everywhere. Self: What are the expenses which you make each year? Mr. Michael: When films are damaged I incurred a loss. Self: What types of films do you sells? Mr. Michael: I sell all types of films. Self: Do you own or rent this place? Mr. I own this place. Self: What problems do you get with the manual system? Mr. Michael It is time consuming to fill records on paper and sometimes important documents are loss. Self: How much are you ready to invest in the computerization? Mr. Michael would invest about Rs30 000 in the new system. Summary of the interview A lots of problems with the new system has been revealed during the interviews, and the new objectives recommended was done but it was time consuming to take data from the old paper-based system and put it in the new system as their was more than 300 regular customer in the old system and with 50 new customers being added every year. Problems to current system 1. Loss of records. Solution A. Use of a cupboard. Advantage All the records will be arranged in the cupboard drawers. Disadvantage It takes a lot of place Solution B. Used of a computerised database. Advantage Access to the information is rapid and there is less likelihood of the data becoming lost. Disadvantage Training is needed to use the system and this takes time and cost a lot of money. 2. Contacting customers about new items. Solution A. By sending letter to customers. The objectives may be stated in both quantitative and qualitative terms. 1. It should take less than 30 seconds to establish whether a customer is already on file and to fill in new films records. 2. It should be possible to go directly to the main menu screen to the entry of a transaction, without having to re-enter the customers name, etc 3. Data entry should be as fast and easy as possible, particularly as there are several hundred existing customers and music to be entered when the system is first installed. 4. It should take less than one minute to trace music for a customer. 5. The new system is required to provide the following information; a) A list of all available music. b) A list of all customers. 6. The main menu should be displayed automatically when the database is loaded, and the whole system should be menu-driven. The following is the data flow of the proposed system. The system to be developed is a customer information system, and is intended to enhance rather than replace the current system of recording music and customers records. If this proves successful, it will be possible at a future date to replace the current methods of recording records so that the details are typed directly into the computer and the required copies printed out. This could then be extended to link into a computerized accounts system. Software The customer has requested that the system be developed using Ms Access, so useless a good reason transpired for using an alternative program or package Ms Access will be the first choice of software. Hardware In order to run Ms Access and be able to perform a mail merge using word, a PC 486 or Pentium with a minimum of 8 MB, and preferably 16 MB, will be required. A fast processor such as a P4 will be needed if the system is not going to appear slow in switching between screens. Mr. Ah-Young is familiar with word and has a good keyboard skill, so should have no problem entering data and learning how to use the system. He would like to improve his knowledge of basic so that he can in the future perform new queries and reports as the need arises. A database package will be ideal for implementing the system for Power Music Shop, and as Mr. Ah-Young has requested that it should be done in Ms Access. This is the package that must be used. It would probably be possible to implement the system using Ms Access or another programming language but it would take longer time and would involve the owner having to buy more software which is not really necessary, as Ms Access has all the capabilities required. I already have some experience of Ms Access and it is available both at home and at college for development. Using this package it will be possible to * Set up the necessary tables and relationships. * Produced customized input screens, using Ms Access to automate data entry wherever possible and to perform various validations. * Use Ms Access modules to enable fast searches for a particular Customer and past stay. * Design reports as needed. The database contains two entities, which are CUSTOMER and MUSIC. Tables will be created for each of the entities. Tables will be created for each of these entities. The tables will contain the following data. Attribute Name Data type and length Validation Film code Text (4) Unique primary key Title Text (50) Actor Text (50) Actress Text (50) Type Text (20) Number of copies Numeric (2) Duration Text (6) Attribute Name Data type and length Validation Code Text (4) Unique primary key Name Text (20) Other Names Text (20) Date Of Birth Text (8) Sex Text (6) Address Text (50) Tel number Text (7) ID Card Number Text (16) Two data entry form are needed. This form will be used for several purposes so it needs facilities to * Check to see whether a Customer is already on the database. * Add a new Customer. * Look though all the existing records for the current Customer and bring up more details if necessary. The Customer details form will be as shown on the next page. This form will be used for several purposes so it needs facilities to * Check to see whether music is already on the database. * Add a new music * Look though all the existing records for the current music and bring up more details if necessary. The music details form will be as shown on the next page. Customer File FILM File The format of all the reports will be similar. The layout of the Customer report is shown below. The menu structure is as follows: A password will be attached to the database so that it is only accessible to someone who knows the password. Different access levels are not needed as Mr. Pascal is the only person who will be using the database. 9. Test Strategy The test strategy will include five different types of testing as described below: LOGICAL TESTING This will be used to test every aspect of each form, report and query as soon as it is implemented, using valid, invalid and extreme data. Test data will be added to test each code module and results compared with expected results. Sufficient data will be added to ensure that there is at least one customer in each category. The test data that will be added initially is shown in Appendix. Subsequent test will often involve adding new data, which will then be deleted when the test works satisfactorily. FUNCTIONAL TESTING Each menu item will be tested in turn to ensure that no function has been missed out. SYSTEM TESTING When the system is complete, the whole range of tests will be carried out again to ensure that no errors have been introduced. RECOVERY TESTING The computer will be re-booted while the database is open to ensure that data is not lost or corrupted in the event of a power of a power failure. ACCEPTANCE TESTING The user will then be involved and asked to test all the capabilities of the program to ensure that all request functions are presented and working in the manner expected. This testing may result in further refinements. SECTION 3 TESTING TEST PLAN Module: Password Menu TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Insert correct password and click on Login Main Menu should appear on the screen. OK 2 Insert incorrect password and click on Login A message saying wrong password should appear on the screen. OK Module: Main Menu TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Click on Customer File command button. Item File must appear on the screen. OK 2 Click on Film File command button. Customer File must appear on the screen. OK Module: Film File TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Click on Add command button. Must be able to add a record. OK 2 Click on Save command button Must be able to save a record. OK 3 Click on Delete command button. Must be able to delete a record. OK 4 Click on Back to Main Menu command button. Main Menu must appear on the screen. OK Module: Customer File TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Click on Add command button. Must be able to add a record. OK 2 Click on Save command button Must be able to save a record. OK 3 Click on Delete command button. Must be able to delete a record. OK 4 Click on Back to Main Menu command button. Main Menu must appear on the screen. OK SECTION 4 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE 1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW This Customer information system is designed to keep records of Customer profiles and their past purchases. It is designed to run alongside the current manual system of recording purchases, rather than replacing it. The computer will be in the reception and the owner can use it to check whether a customer who comes in is already on the database, or to check on past purchases. New data will be added to the database at a convenient time, possibly at the end of the week. The procedure that the user will fellow is described in the design section. 2. TABLES AND RELATIONSHIPS Tables and relationships were set up as specified in the design section. 3. FORMS The menu structure was set up as specified in the design section. Forms were used as follows: Main Menu This is specified as the start-up form and loads automatically when database is opened. All buttons either opening other form or reports, or quitting the database, were placed using wizards. Report Menu All buttons placed using wizards. Maximise macro runs on opening form. Input Forms The Customer details form has a combo box displaying Customer codes so that the user can look up the record for any Customer. The record source for this box is the database. 4. REPORTS These are as described in the user manual. All reports were created using wizards and then tailored to produce a more appropriate layout. SECTION 5 USER DOCUMENTATION Initial set up Password Menu The Password menu is automatically started when the database is loaded. The password is case sensitive but it will only accept OCEANIC. Main Menu The Main Menu will automatically appear when you enter the password. Film File Add a new record In order to add a new record, click on Add new and after adding all the information, click on Save Record. Viewing a record To view a record, find it using the Find record list box. Deleting a record To delete a record, first find it using the Find record list box, change the information and click on Delete record. View a report In order to view a report, click on Film Report. Customer File Add a new record In order to add a new record, click on Add new and after adding all the information, click on Save Record. Viewing a record To view a record, find it using the Find record list box. Deleting a record To delete a record, first find it using the Find record list box, change the information and click on Delete record. View a report In order to view a report, click on Customer Report. SECTION 6 APPRAISAL The system has been completed and installed on the users PC. It was completed in the manner originally designed and agreed with the user, and is straightforward to use. Referring to the original objectives listed in the Analysis section: 1. It should take less than 30 seconds to establish whether a film or a customer is already in the database. 2. It should be possible to go directly from the film files screen to the entry of a new film. 3. Data entry is as fast and easy as possible. 4. The new system provides the following information. a) List of all films. b) List of all customers. 5. The main menu should be displayed automatically when the program is loaded and the whole system should be menu driven 6. Mr. Pascal had some problems initially with data entry, confusing Items and customers, as this aspect works a little differently from the manual system. However he has now entered data for over 100 items and has no problems to report. 7. All reports are implemented as specified. 8. The menus work as planned. SECTION 7 APPENDIX Password Menu Private Sub Login_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Login_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String Text1.SetFocus If Text1.Text = OCEANIC Then stDocName = Mainmenu DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Else MsgBox (Wrong Password) End If Exit_Login_Click: Exit Sub Err_Login_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Login_Click End Sub Private Sub Exit_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Exit_Click DoCmd.Close Exit_Exit_Click: Exit Sub Err_Exit_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Exit_Click End Sub Main Menu Private Sub Exit_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Exit_Click DoCmd.Close Exit_Exit_Click: Exit Sub Err_Exit_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Exit_Click End Sub FilmFile Private Sub Add_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Add_Record_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNewRec Exit_Add_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Add_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Add_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Delete_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Delete_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 8, , acMenuVer70 DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 6, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Delete_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Delete_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Delete_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Save_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Save_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acRecordsMenu, acSaveRecord, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Save_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Save_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Save_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Film_Report_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Film_Report_Click Dim stDocName As String stDocName = Film Report DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Film_Report_Click: Exit Sub Err_Film_Report_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Film_Report_Click End Sub Private Sub Back_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Back_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = Main Menu DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Back_Click: Exit Sub Err_Back_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Back_Click End Sub Customer File Private Sub Add_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Add_Record_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNewRec Exit_Add_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Add_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Add_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Delete_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Delete_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 8, , acMenuVer70 DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 6, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Delete_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Delete_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Delete_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Save_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Save_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acRecordsMenu, acSaveRecord, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Save_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Save_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Save_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Customer_Report_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Customer_Report_Click Dim stDocName As String stDocName = Customer Report DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Customer_Report_Click: Exit Sub Err_Customer_Report_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Customer_Report_Click End Sub Private Sub Back_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Back_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = Main Menu DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Back_Click: Exit Sub Err_Back_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Back_Click End Sub

Outsourcing is either harmful or beneficial for American economic Essay

Outsourcing is either harmful or beneficial for American economic - Essay Example This activity assists companies in lowering their costs as the cost of production in US is quite high due to high cost of labor. With the economy development, more and more U.S companies would rather to choose outsourcing than the local service. To a certain extent, it is acceptable for America and American companies to be dependant on the labor of other countries. The activity of outsourcing of jobs conducted by US companies is not only beneficial for them, it is even beneficial for other nations because in these nations, there are low amount of jobs and the amount of salary they are paid is even low. Because its lower cost can help the U.S companies develop and can save the money for local customers. Also with more working positions are moving out of the country, there will create higher income jobs for local citizens. The several benefits associated with outsourcing of jobs include higher level of creativity in production, low cost of production, higher quality of service and incr eased number of jobs and wages for the workers of other nations. Outsourcing is a term used to refer to the act of obtaining goods and services from suppliers that are not located in nations that produce those goods and services. Murray Weidenbaum, a very famous economist and ex-chairman of President Regan’s Council of Economic Advisers, once announced that companies located throughout the US outsource their economic activities for several reasons. He feels that reasons for outsourcing include entrance into international markets, decrease the production cost, and to gain a competitive advantage while they compete in the global markets. The main benefit that a business within U.S obtains from outsourcing is the low cost of production as the product is produced at much lower cost in other nations as compared to the same product produced in the U.S. The U.S is importing raw materials from foreign nations, and the transfer of raw materials to the destination where they are used t o produce goods may increase the cost of production. If U.S manufacturers open their production line in areas where they obtain their resources, they no longer have to worry about the cost of raw materials transportation, and can direct deliver their products from the industry. It will become more profitable for businesses. For example, if in U.S organizations are importing raw materials from China and producing goods in the U.S. They not only have to pay the cost of the shipment fee but also need to afford the high wages in the state. If the company decide to move the manufactory into China, the wages over there are much cheaper than the U.S and set China as a delivery center, and the company doesn’t need to pay for the raw material transportation fee and only needs to pay the shipment fee of production sale which the company always have to pay either they located the manufactory in China or U.S. With this decision making, the company can save lots of money from the labor an d transportation fee, it can definitely help company to use the rest of money to expand the market and develop the company. Also once the company less their cost on producing the product, they would also cut down the price attract the consumers to make more sales revenue. Therefore the US companies are not the only one benefiting from outsourcing, even the consumer side is positively

Red Light Camera Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Red Light Camera - Speech or Presentation Example They can give you humble time on the roads, or they make your journey appear long. People affected by road accident can be your friends, relatives, acquaintances and even you. Road safety is paramount to each society in regards to the high number of road carnage that results from violation of traffic rules (Phantom 96). To reduce the number of road accidents in our roads and to ensure that the traffic law breakers are identified and prosecuted, a device that gives evidence over the law breakers has been devised Do you know what they are? They are traffic gadgets that at one point or another you have to encounter them while you are driving- the Red Light Cameras. II. Orientation Phase: A. Point: Today, I want to give you some guidelines on the importance of the red light cameras and discuss the advantages of the red light camera in the traffic system. B. Adaptation: A good number of us drive or will drive over our roads at some point in time. Understanding the red light camera and its advantages in the traffic system is not only important for the those driving over the roads but also for the safety of all other road users and a smooth traffic and order in our roads (Cobra 143). The red light camera can be an important component of traffic enhancement that would serve to guide us in observing the traffic. This is possible only if we get the right motive of the red light cameras and understanding how they work. C. Credibility: the red light camera can be a traffic device you come to love and enjoy their functionality as you drive over the roads or they can become your worst traffic devices as they can land you into several traffic offenses if you fail to understand them. The red light cameras are completely computerized devices that avail the necessary evidence to the concerned authorities for justice to be done on the traffic law violators (Phantom 96). When a road user for instance a motorist, speeds through the intersection of the red light,